Tyre pyrolytic oil fuel blends in a modern compression ignition engine: A comprehensive combustion and emissions analysis
نویسندگان
چکیده
• The first comprehensive evaluation of TPO fuel tested in a modern engine. High-quality distilled and blended with diesel for Tier 4 off-road applications. Performance penalty is negligible 40% blends without engine re-calibration. ISO 8178 test cycle NO X results are neutral but CO PM emissions increase. Elevated unregulated stem from fuel’s acidity, sulphur PAH content. There abundant worldwide research into combustion applications tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO). However, most studies methodologically outdated terms their assumed technology, either regard to production or application, analytical approaches. variety radically different produce conflicting ambiguous results, rendering TPÓs role as feasible future uncertain. This study the provide state-of-the art analysis thoroughly-evaluated fraction optimised modern, industry-grade pyrolytic reactor. selected tests, taking account overall availability/compatibility fractions diesel. Testing sophisticated single-cylinder provides detailed both regulated emissions. Emissions supported by FTIR exhaust gases, including identification 23 species. show that contemporary 4-compliant systems multi-pulse injection can handle high TPO-content fuels needing With diesel/TPO up admixture, phasing substantially delayed (by 3CAD) only at near-idle loads particularly when using heavy gas recirculation. consequential differences performance diminish over cycle. Current US EPA emission limits not challenging TPO, even blending rate, its elevated levels particulate matter (25% increase versus baseline), oxides, aromatics formic acid present health concerns potential maintenance issues. These should be considered assessing fue?s life-cycle environmental impact. those species correlates directly content (0.5% neat fraction), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (0.49%) acidity. Further optimisation composition reactor via improved post-processing address these
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Fuel
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['0016-2361', '1873-7153']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123869